Astronauts may spend six to nine months traveling to and from Mars, where they will be subjected to extreme microgravity and cosmic radiation. The human body may suffer from these factors in the form of increased cancer risk, decreased bone ddaman gamensity, and muscular atrophy. New medical countermeasures & shielding materials are being researched by scientists to lessen the risks associated with space radiation exposure for astronauts. Reducing travel time and guaranteeing a safe journey to and from Mars will also depend on the development of sophisticated propulsion systems and spacecraft technologies. Humanity's next great leap into interplanetary exploration is being paved with our efforts to overcome these obstacles.